Prop dings are kinda weird animals. I've seen a prop much worse than yours be virtually vibration free. Others might have the tiniest ding in one blade cause severe vibration at anything above idle.
Yours is messed up bad. Find a prop shop and they can rebuild it or by a 541 like you mentioned and you'll have much better overall performance then that stock Federal. Still get the Federal rebuilt and keep as a spare.
Also get a hold of Ron Tanis (aka...skiboatpartsonline.com) and he can get you straightened out for parts, service and general questions.
Look at Ron''s videos posted on this site and You Tube and that goes through a prop removal/replacement. If you know what a wrench is you can change it. You'll need a prop puller or borrow one from a friend if they have one.
Not meaning any disrespect but you sound like a rookie inboard owner if not even a first time boat owner. Do yourself a favor and get one of your favorite adult beverages and start reading this forum. Start with technical discussions and go from there. You'll be amazed at what you can learn. Also look at all of Ron's videos that he has made and posted. Some really good information there.
FYI, if your prop is that bad, I would also suggest checking and verifying the prop shaft alignment. If a prop has taken a hit like yours, the prop shaft may be bent or the alignment has been knocked off. Both of which can cause vibrations even after the prop is repaired and/or premature prop shaft wear. All posted on videos.
Start reading Grasshopper.
